Expert Voices Initiative Archive

MEdia

Expert Voices Initiative Archive

Interviews with Expert Scholars on U.S.-China Relations

The Expert Voices Initiative, formerly known as the American Voices Initiative, is a series of on-camera, sit-down interviews with leading experts on important issues in the U.S.-China bilateral relationship.

A Variety of Opinions

The series seeks to elicit candid opinions from experts across a range of topics, extending from economics, trade, and soft power initiatives to security, politics and foreign policy.

in-depth perspectives

Our goal is to provide for a global audience in-depth expert views from various national perspectives on a topical issue of significance in U.S.-China relations.

Zhou Mi on Global Trade in Tension: U.S. & China

Novmber 14, 2025

On June 27, 2025 ICAS launched a special EVI segment: the Global Trade in Tension Series. This new series comes at a time when global trade tensions are once again on the rise—not just between the United States and China, but also involving Europe, Canada, Mexico, and many others. While tariffs remain a flashpoint, today’s disputes extend far beyond that—to export controls, capital restrictions, and broader concerns about the direction of globalization itself. In such a fragmented environment, it is more important than ever to understand how different economies perceive the stakes and define their interests. Through this series, we hope to spotlight diverse perspectives from around the world, provide context behind national positions, and—most importantly—explore how we might collectively navigate through this period of uncertainty and renewed competition.

This episode features Dr. Zhou Mi, Deputy Director of the Institute of American and Oceania Studies at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, and ICAS’ Yilun Zhang, discussing the outlook on U.S.-China trade post Trump-Xi Busan meeting.

Dr. Zhou Mi specializes in outward investment, trade in services, and international agreements. With over a decade of research experience, he has led or contributed to more than 200 projects supporting Chinese government agencies, local authorities, international organizations, and enterprises. He has published a book, co-edited volumes, and written over 500 articles on international trade and cooperation. Zhou has held visiting scholar positions at Stanford University and the Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, and received his postdoctoral training at Fudan University.

Marco Volpe on the Arctic: Italy

Novmber 12, 2025

Starting in January 2025, the Institute for China-America Studies launched a new Expert Voices Initiative (EVI) series dedicated to exploring the Arctic. This series brings together leading experts from the five Arctic littoral states and other stakeholder nations to share their research and perspectives on a wide range of Arctic-related topics. These include geopolitics, international law, shipping, environmental conservation, resource management, mining, the rights of Indigenous peoples, climate change, and multilateral cooperation.

So far, the Arctic Series has examined these critical issues from Canadian, Chinese, American, Russian, Norwegian, Danish, and Indian perspectives. On November 12th, 2025, Dr. Nong Hong, Executive Director and Senior Fellow at ICAS, held an in-depth discussion with Mr. Marco Volpe, a doctoral candidate at the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Lapland, and a visiting researcher at the Arctic Centre in Rovaniemi to discuss Italy’s role as an observer state.

Marco Volpe is a doctoral candidate at the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Lapland, and a visiting researcher at the Arctic Centre in Rovaniemi, as part of the Arctic International Relations Team. His research delves into the cutting-edge field of China’s Polar Science Diplomacy, where he investigates the intricate interplay between science, policy, and international cooperation in the polar regions. Marco works as an editor for the Italian journal Il Polo and is a member of the organizing team of the Inter-Polar Dialogue Conference held in Kathmandu every other year. He also serves as a lecturer on Arctic Geopolitics at the University of Lapland and the University of Milan. Marco’s latest publication, “China’s Arctic Policy: How Scientific Research Interplays with Arctic Governance,” in Arctic Policies of Non-Arctic States (eds. Dervovic M., Kirchner S., and Ulatowski L.), analyses how China’s enhanced scientific engagement in the Arctic is gradually improving its position within emerging governance structures.

James Borton on Marine Protected Areas

August 26, 2025

Senior Fellow at Institute for China-America Studies (ICAS), Sourabh Gupta, was joined by James Borton to discuss marine protected areas as an effective conservation tool to protect marine ecosystems. His latest book, Harvesting the Waves: How Blue Parks Shape Policy, Politics, and Peacebuilding in the South China Sea is out now.

James Borton is an independent environmental policy writer and former (Hong Kong-based) foreign correspondent for The Washington Times. He contributes regularly to Asia Sentinel, Asia Times, East Asia Forum, Geopolitical Monitor, Nikkei Asian Review, The South China Morning Post, Project Syndicate and World Politics Review. He has edited four books, The South China Sea: Challenges and Promises, Islands and Rocks in the South China Sea: Post Hague Ruling, The Art of Medicine in Metaphors and Venture Japan.

He was a past National Endowment Humanities Fellow at Yale University. He has a B.A. and a M.A. with honors in American Studies from the University of Maryland. He has been a non-resident fellow at the Stimson Center, the US-Asia Institute and Tufts University Science Diplomacy Center and has participated in numerous South China Sea conferences. He co-founded the Mekong Environment Forum in Can Tho, Vietnam. He’s an avid sailor and waterman in South Carolina.

Kyle Sullivan on Global Trade in Tension: U.S. & China

August 14, 2025

On June 27, 2025 ICAS launched a special EVI segment: the Global Trade in Tension Series. This new series comes at a time when global trade tensions are once again on the rise—not just between the United States and China, but also involving Europe, Canada, Mexico, and many others. While tariffs remain a flashpoint, today’s disputes extend far beyond that—to export controls, capital restrictions, and broader concerns about the direction of globalization itself. In such a fragmented environment, it is more important than ever to understand how different economies perceive the stakes and define their interests. Through this series, we hope to spotlight diverse perspectives from around the world, provide context behind national positions, and—most importantly—explore how we might collectively navigate through this period of uncertainty and renewed competition.

This episode features Mr. Kyle Sullivan of USCBC and ICAS’ Yilun Zhang, discussing the current state of play with the Second Trump Administration, updates on tariffs and trade, and insights from USCBC’s recent trip to Beijing.

Kyle Sullivan is Vice President of Business Advisory Services at the US-China Business Council based in Washington, DC, where he oversees USCBC’s research and analysis for member companies. Prior to joining USCBC, Kyle served as a vice president in the Albright Stonebridge Group’s China practice in Washington, where he advised corporates and portfolio investors on domestic policy and market trends in China and developments in the US-China relationship. Previously, he held roles at the Martin+Crumpton Group and APCO Worldwide. Earlier in his career, Kyle worked as manager of business advisory services at USCBC’s Shanghai office, where he led policy research projects for US companies in a wide range of sectors.

Mr. Sullivan earned an undergraduate degree from the University of Michigan and an MBA from the University of Washington in Seattle. He is fluent in Mandarin and lived in China for over 12 years. He is a native of Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Captain Anurag Bisen on The Arctic: India

August 6, 2025

Starting in January 2025, the Institute for China-America Studies launched a new Expert Voices Initiative (EVI) series dedicated to exploring the Arctic. This series brings together leading experts from the five Arctic littoral states and other stakeholder nations to share their research and perspectives on a wide range of Arctic-related topics. These include geopolitics, international law, shipping, environmental conservation, resource management, mining, the rights of Indigenous peoples, climate change, and multilateral cooperation.

So far, the Arctic Series has examined these critical issues from Canadian, Chinese, American, Russian, Norwegian, and Danish perspectives. On August 6th, 2025, Dr. Nong Hong, Executive Director and Senior Fellow at ICAS, held an in-depth discussion with Capt. Anurag Bisen, a retired Submariner in the Indian Navy and security expert who offered valuable insights from an Indian perspective.

India, while a non-Arctic state, has expanded its engagement as a stakeholder in the region since releasing its first Arctic Policy in 2022. This EVI explores India’s strategic, scientific, and economic interests in the Arctic, including its work on climate research, emerging shipping routes, and energy cooperation. The discussion examines India’s deepening collaboration with Russia on Arctic projects, its engagement with the United States and other Arctic states, and its positioning relative to other Asian Observer states such as China.

Captain Anurag Bisen is a veteran submariner of the Indian Navy with over 35 years of service, including the command of Sindhughosh (Kilo) Class missile submarine. Captain Bisen tenanted an 8-year tenure in the National Security Council Secretariat where as a Senior Defence Specialist he worked on a range of maritime subjects including maritime boundary and international maritime law matters, Indo-Pacific, Indian Ocean Region, Maritime and Coastal Security and Polar Issues. He was instrumental in drafting and coordinating the approval process of India’s Arctic Policy, released by the Government in March 2022. Captain Anurag Bisen is a graduate of Defence Services Staff College Wellington, holding master’s degrees in Defence & Strategic Studies and Telecommunication & Electronic Warfare. He is also a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) and a diploma in Russian Language from Arkhangelsk State University, Russia. Captain Bisen has also qualified UGC-NET in Defence & Strategic Studies and is currently pursuing his PhD in National Security Studies from Jawaharlal University, New Delhi. Anurag has been nominated as a permanent expert on the panel of the International Expert Group of the Lomonosov Moscow State University Marine Research Centre, Russia. He is also Honorary Adjunct Faculty at the National Maritime Foundation, New Delhi. Before joining VIF as a Senior Fellow, Captain Bisen was a Research Fellow at the Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses.

Dr. Romain Chuffart on The Arctic: Denmark & Greenland

July 15, 2025

Starting in January 2025, the Institute for China-America Studies launched a new Expert Voices Initiative (EVI) series dedicated to exploring the Arctic. This series brings together leading experts from the five Arctic littoral states and other stakeholder nations to share their research and perspectives on a wide range of Arctic-related topics. These include geopolitics, international law, shipping, environmental conservation, resource management, mining, the rights of Indigenous peoples, climate change, and multilateral cooperation.

So far, the Arctic series has examined this critical issue from Canadian, Chinese, American, Russian, and Norwegian perspectives. On July 15, 2025, Dr. Nong Hong, Executive Director and Senior Fellow at ICAS, held an in-depth discussion with Dr. Romain Chuffart, a leading Arctic expert who offered valuable insights from both Danish and Greenlandic perspectives.

Denmark, as a key Arctic coastal state, plays a vital role in regional governance through its unique ties with Greenland and the Faroe Islands. This EVI provides insights into Denmark’s Arctic strategy and policy, highlighting the perspectives of both Denmark and Greenland. The discussion explores their evolving relationships with Russia and the United States within the context of Arctic security, alongside Denmark’s broader engagement with other Arctic states. It also examines how Denmark and Greenland view China’s growing presence and interests in the region. In addition, the interview addresses Denmark’s chairmanship of the Arctic Council (2025–2027) and the central importance of Indigenous peoples’ rights in Arctic governance—offering a deeper understanding of the geopolitical, institutional, and environmental factors shaping their approach to Arctic affairs.

Dr. Romain Chuffart is the President and Managing Director of The Arctic Institute.

He is one of the co-hosts of The Arctic Institute’s Bookshelf Podcast. Before his appointment as Managing Director in September 2022, Romain served as Internal Communication Manager on The Arctic Institute’s Leadership board. Romain was also a contributing writer to the Institute’s weekly publication, The Arctic This Week App. He also serves as the TAI project manager for the “Challenges to Ocean Governance: Regional Disputes, Global Consequences? (OceanGov)” and Arctic Geopolitics in a New Era (GEOARC) in partnership with the Fridtjof Nansen Institute.

His research interests include human rights and the rights of Indigenous Peoples, international environmental law, Arctic cooperation and ocean governance. Romain also conducts more theoretical research on public international law combining insights from political theory, international relations, political geography, and other social sciences.

Romain is the current Nansen Professor in Arctic Studies (2024/2025) at the University of Akureyri, Iceland. He holds a PhD in law from Durham University in the United Kingdom. Between 2019 and 2023, Romain was part of the Durham Arctic Research Centre for Training and Interdisciplinary Collaboration (DurhamARCTIC). At Durham, his research focused on Indigenous rights and Arctic environmental governance. Romain also holds a MA in Polar Law from the University of Akureyri, Iceland.

He has published several articles in Arctic-specific journals on Arctic governance and Indigenous rights, such as The Yearbook of Polar Law, the Arctic Yearbook, and the Polar Journal.

Thomas König on Global Trade in tension: germany

July 21, 2025

On June 27, ICAS launched a special EVI segment: the Global Trade in Tension Series. This new series comes at a time when global trade tensions are once again on the rise—not just between the United States and China, but also involving Europe, Canada, Mexico, and many others. While tariffs remain a flashpoint, today’s disputes extend far beyond that—to export controls, capital restrictions, and broader concerns about the direction of globalization itself. In such a fragmented environment, it is more important than ever to understand how different economies perceive the stakes and define their interests.

Through this series, we hope to spotlight diverse perspectives from around the world, provide context behind national positions, and—most importantly—explore how we might collectively navigate through this period of uncertainty and renewed competition.

In the inaugural episode of the Global Trade in Tensions Series, Research Associate Yilun Zhang invited Mr. Thomas König to discuss the current state of German/EU trade relations with China, assess room for meaningful cooperation between EU and China, analyze EU’s priorities and hesitations in working with China, reassess German and EU’s China strategy, and unpack the Trump Shock and EU’s position in U.S.-China-EU trilateral relations.

Mr. Thomas König is China Director at Deutsche Industrie- und Handelskammer (DIHK).

Through his work in China at the European Chamber of Commerce in Beijing and the world’s largest German Chamber of Commerce in Shanghai, which serves more than 1500 member companies, König has gained deep insights into German-Chinese trade and economic relations as well as all issues affecting Sino-European relations.

König holds a Bachelor’s degree from Yale University and Master’s Degrees from the London School of Economics (LSE) and the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS). He completed a bilingual semester at Peking University, gained years of experience in the think tank world as Asia Programme Coordinator at the European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR) in London and Paris, and developed training programs for Chinese UN diplomats at the United Nations Institute of Training and Research (UNITAR) in Geneva.

Rasmus Gjedssø Bertelsen on the Arctic: Norway

June 4, 2025

Starting in January 2025, the Institute for China-America Studies launched a new Expert Voices Initiative (EVI) series dedicated to exploring the Arctic. This series brings together leading experts from the five Arctic littoral states and other stakeholder nations to share their research and perspectives on a wide range of Arctic-related topics. These include geopolitics, international law, shipping, environmental conservation, resource management, mining, the rights of Indigenous peoples, climate change, and multilateral cooperation.

So far, the Arctic series has examined this critical issue from Canadian, Chinese, American, and Russian perspectives. Dr. Nong Hong, Executive Director and Senior Fellow at ICAS, conducted an in-depth discussion on June 4, 2025, with Dr. Rasmus Gjedssø Bertelsen, a leading Arctic expert from Norway.

Norway plays a key role in the Arctic as both a NATO member and an Arctic coastal state with strong environmental, economic, and strategic interests in the region. Its Arctic policy emphasizes sustainable development, scientific research, and a rules-based international order, while balancing security concerns amid growing great-power competition. Since 2022, Norway has taken a more cautious stance toward Russia, enhancing defense cooperation with NATO allies and reinforcing its military presence in the High North. At the same time, it continues to advocate for dialogue and cooperation through institutions like the Arctic Council. This EVI explores how Norway navigates its dual priorities of security and sustainability, manages relations with Arctic and non-Arctic actors, and positions itself within the evolving Arctic governance landscape.

Dr. Rasmus Gjedssø Bertelsen, Professor of Northern Studies, Barents Chair in Politics at UiT, The Arctic University of Norway.

Dr. Bertelsen does research on the place of the Arctic in global environmental and political-economic globalisation processes. He is therefore focused on the role of the Arctic in a transforming international order where Asia is reclaiming its historical economic and political weight. Where Asian powers see themselves as stakeholders in regions around the world, these powers are concerned with climate change and they have interests in energy security, raw materials supply and shipping lanes for continued economic growth.

Dr. Bertelsen has studied political science at the Universities of Copenhagen, Iceland, Lausanne and Geneva. He was a Huygens research stipendiary at the University of Amsterdam. Dr. Bertelsen holds a PhD in International Relations from the University of Cambridge, during which time he was a visiting PhD candidate at Sciences Po. He was a postdoc at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government funded by the Danish Social Science Research Council, the Kuwait Program at Harvard (Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences) and the Dubai Initiative. Dr Bertelsen has also been a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science postdoctoral fellow at Tokyo Institute of Technology and United Nations University—Institute of Advanced Studies.

Irina Strelnikova on the Arctic: Russia

April 29, 2025

Starting in January 2025, the Institute for China-America Studies launched a new Expert Voices Initiative (EVI) series dedicated to exploring the Arctic. This series brings together leading experts from the five Arctic littoral states and other stakeholder nations to share their research and perspectives on a wide range of Arctic-related topics. These include geopolitics, international law, shipping, environmental conservation, resource management, mining, the rights of Indigenous peoples, climate change, and multilateral cooperation.

So far, the Arctic series has explored this critical issue through Canadian,Chinese and American —with three thought-provoking episodes that have sparked meaningful discussions and positive feedback. Dr. Nong Hong, Executive Director and Senior Fellow at ICAS, conducted an in-depth discussion on April 29, 2025, with Dr. Irina Strelnikova, a leading Arctic expert from Russia.

Russia remains a central actor in the Arctic due to its expansive northern territory, longstanding infrastructure, and resource-driven economic interests. Since the escalation of the Ukraine conflict in 2022, its Arctic strategy has continued to evolve in response to shifting geopolitical and economic conditions. Sanctions and changes in global energy dynamics have prompted Russia to strengthen partnerships with non-Western countries, particularly China, in areas such as energy and infrastructure. At the same time, increased NATO activity and renewed U.S. engagement in the region have influenced Russia’s strategic calculations. This EVI examines how Russia is adapting its Arctic policies, managing its bilateral and multilateral relationships, and navigating challenges related to governance, security, and cooperation in a complex and rapidly changing Arctic environment.

Dr. Irina Strelnikova since 2020 works for National Research University «Higher School of Economics» (Moscow, Russia), Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs as a Research Fellow, associate professor, Master Programme Co-Head: International relations: European and Asian studies, expert Centre for Comprehensive European and International Studies (CCEIS) (Arctic sector) HSE University. In 2009 she obtained a PhD degree in Legal Science at Moscow State Law Academy. She is the head of the scientific and educational group: “BRICS+ as a platform for cooperation in the Arctic: problems, prospects and development scenarios” https://we.hse.ru/irs/arctic_brics and the head of the project of the Russian Science Foundation “Cooperation between Russia and non-Arctic countries in the framework of the development of the Russian Arctic: potential and challenges in the context of transformation of international institutions” https://rscf.ru/project/24-28-00278 /#!.

During her tenure, Dr. Strelnikova was a member of the expedition “Arctic Floating University-2023″ with a research program and an author’s lecture course “International legal regime of the Arctic and the Northern Sea Route” and worked as coordinator and expert of the International project “Think Arctic-Think Global” https://as.arctic-russia.ru/en/analytics/think-arctic/ within the framework of the Russian chairmanship of the Arctic Council (2021-2023). Within the framework of this project, 10 sessions were organized with the participation of leading scientists and experts from Russian and foreign Arctic and non-Arctic countries to discuss the most pressing issues of ensuring the sustainable development of the Arctic. 2 sessions were organized and held within the framework of the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum and 1 session within the framework of the Eastern Economic Forum.

In 2024 she was a Guest Lecturer at Harbin University of Engineering “The Northern Sea Route as a promising transport corridor and key areas of cooperation between Russia and China in the Arctic”, Harbin, China; speaker at the international forum “Northern Forum-China: cooperation in the field of innovative technologies for the protection and development of the Arctic”, Harbin, China; speaker at the Russian-Chinese Further Cooperation in the Arctic Conference. Organizer: Center for Global Geography and Strategic Studies, East China Normal University ECNU, China; speaker and organizer of the sessions on the BRICS Climate Agenda through the prism of polarcooperation within the framework of the V Northern Forum on Sustainable Development 2024 and COP 29; speaker at the 13th China-Russia Arctic Workshop in Qingdao (China).She is the author and co-author of more than 90 scientific publications, 2 monographs and 4 textbooks, including on Arctic issues.

Currently, her academic research focuses on the cooperation between Russia and non-Arctic states in bilateral format and BRICS format.

Marisol Maddox on the Arctic: United States

March 28, 2025

Starting in January 2025, the Institute for China-America Studies launched a new Expert Voices Initiative (EVI) series dedicated to exploring the Arctic. This series brings together leading experts from the five Arctic littoral states and other stakeholder nations to share their research and perspectives on a wide range of Arctic-related topics. These include geopolitics, international law, shipping, environmental conservation, resource management, mining, the rights of Indigenous peoples, climate change, and multilateral cooperation.

Following the interviews on “Canada and the Arctic” and “China and the Arctic”, Dr. Nong Hong, Executive Director and Senior Fellow at ICAS, conducted an in-depth discussion on March 28, 2025, with Marisol Maddox, a leading Arctic expert from the United States.

As a key Arctic littoral state, the United States has drawn significant attention for its evolving strategy in the region, particularly following President Donald Trump’s bold remarks about purchasing Greenland and the country’s perceived warming relations with Russia amid U.S.-Russia-Ukraine negotiations. This insightful interview explored several critical topics, including the United States’ Arctic strategy, its relationships with other Arctic littoral states, its perception on China’s engagement in the Arctic, and its role in ocean governance, among other key issues.

Marisol Maddox is a Senior Arctic Fellow at the Institute of Arctic Studies in the Dickey Center at Dartmouth, and a non-resident research fellow at the Center for Climate and Security.

Her transdisciplinary research considers the Arctic nexus of climate change, security, and geopolitics. She is particularly interested in how actorless threats— such as the surpassing of planetary boundaries– converge and interface with conventional security challenges and strategic thinking, as well as place-based resilience.

Ms. Maddox is a term member of the Council on Foreign Relations. She is a Fellow at the North American and Arctic Defence and Security Network (NAADSN). She regularly teaches about the Arctic at the Ted Stevens Center for Arctic Security Studies, the Foreign Service Institute, the Canada School of Public Service, and the Geneva Centre for Security Policy, among other institutions.

Ms. Maddox previously contributed Arctic expertise through work with the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats and the Newport Arctic Scholars Initiative of the U.S. Naval War College. She has also taught a graduate level course on Environmental Security as an adjunct professor at Syracuse University’s Maxwell School.

Ms. Maddox holds an M.A. in International Security with a concentration in Transnational Challenges from George Mason University’s Schar School. She holds a B.A. in Environmental Studies with a concentration in Ecosystems from Binghamton University.

Zhao Long on the Arctic: China

February 21, 2025

Starting in January 2025, the Institute for China-America Studies (ICAS) launched a new Expert Voices Initiative (EVI) series dedicated to exploring the Arctic. This series brings together leading experts from the five Arctic littoral states and other stakeholder nations to share their research and perspectives on a wide range of Arctic-related topics. These include geopolitics, international law, shipping, environmental conservation, resource management, mining, the rights of Indigenous peoples, climate change, and multilateral cooperation.

Following the first interview on “Canada and the Arctic,” Dr. Nong Hong, Executive Director and Senior Fellow at ICAS, conducted an in-depth discussion on February 21, 2025, with Dr. Zhao Long, a prominent Arctic expert from China.

As a key stakeholder in the Arctic, China has drawn significant attention for its evolving role in the region. This insightful interview explored several critical topics, including China’s Arctic policy, its relationships with the five Arctic littoral states—particularly the United States and Canada—and its role in ocean governance, among other issues.

Dr. ZHAO Long is Deputy Director of the Institute for International Strategic and Security Studies and Senior Research Fellow (Professor) at Shanghai Institutes for International Studies.

He graduated from the Law Faculty at Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU) of Russia and received a Bachelor’s degree in Jurisprudence and M.A. in International Law. He also received his Ph.D. degree in Law from East China Normal University. Dr. ZHAO has published several academic papers on Global governance, International Law, Arctic issue, Russian and Central Asian studies in major academic journals, which are listed on the Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index (CSSCI), he has also published many articles in major newspapers such as People’s Daily, Guangming Daily, and Jiefang Daily. He is a leader of research projects supported by the National Social Science Foundation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, State Oceanic Administration of China, and others.

He was a visiting scholar of the German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP) in Berlin and the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Washington D.C. He has been invited to participate in major international forums and conferences hosted in Europe, Russian and other places. From 2015 to 2016, Dr. ZHAO was on secondment to the Department of Treaty and Law at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China.

Adam Lajeunesse on the Arctic: Canada

January 22, 2025

In January 2025, the Institute for China-America Studies (ICAS) launched a new Expert Voices Initiative (EVI) series dedicated to exploring the Arctic. This series will bring together leading experts from the five Arctic littoral states and other stakeholder nations to share their research and perspectives on a wide range of Arctic-related topics. These include geopolitics, international law, shipping, environmental conservation, resource management, mining, the rights of Indigenous peoples, climate change, and multilateral cooperation.

To inaugurate this Arctic-focused series, on January 22, 2025, Dr. Adam Lajeunesse, an Arctic expert from St. Francis Xavier University in Canada, met virtually with ICAS Executive Director and Senior Fellow Dr. Nong Hong to discuss significant developments in the Arctic in recent years. These include discussions about the role of the Arctic Council amid the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the subsequent sanctions on Russia, as well as U.S. President Trump’s announcements in 2019 and again in 2025 about the possibility of purchasing Greenland. As one of the five Arctic Ocean littoral states and a key member of the Arctic Council, Canada plays a pivotal role in shaping the region’s future.

This insightful interview focused on several critical topics, including Canada’s Arctic strategy, geopolitical shifts and external influences, Canada-U.S. Arctic relations, the functionality of Arctic governance, perspectives on Arctic security, and the rights of Indigenous peoples. Through this dialogue, ICAS aims to provide nuanced analysis and foster greater understanding of the pressing issues shaping the Arctic’s governance and development.

Adam Lajeunesse, PhD is an Associate Professor and Chair of the Public Policy and Governance program at St. Francis Xavier University (StFX). Currently a Fulbright Scholar (2024-2025), he is part of the foundation’s Arctic Initiative, where he is continuing work on information operations begun as a Killam Scholar (2024) at the University of Calgary.

Dr. Lajeunesse’s research focuses principally on Northern sovereignty and security. He has published several books, seven edited volumes and over 80 academic and think-tank articles and is a frequent contributor to national media conversations. Dr. Lajeunesse also manages the Canadian Naval Review and is the Research Coordinator for the Naval Association of Canada, a Research Associate at the Centre for Military and Strategic Studies and the Arctic Institute of North America, as well as a fellow at the Canadian Global Affairs Institute. Furthermore, he sits on the editorial boards of Arctic, the American Review of Canadian Studies, and is the editor of the Arctic Operational Histories.

Heavily engaged in public policy research and discussions, Dr. Lajeunesse is also the Arctic and Maritime Security Chair at the Brian Mulroney Institute of Government and the Director of the Canadian Maritime Security Network (CMSN), a Department of National Defence funded research network examining maritime defence, safety, and security. In addition, Lajeunesse is the Research Coordinator for the Naval Association of Canada and a Research Associate at the Centre for Military and Strategic Studies and a fellow at the Canadian Global Affairs Institute. He received a Bachelor of Humanities from Carleton University (2005), an MA in History from the University of Calgary (2007), and a PhD in history at the University of Calgary (2013).

Wu Shicun on China's Perspective on U.S.-China Relations

March 15, 2024

On March 15, 2024, the Institute for China-America Studies (ICAS) Expert Voices Initiative (EVI) conducted an interview with Dr. Wu Shicun, Chairman of the ICAS Academic Advisory Board, to discuss the current state of the U.S.-China bilateral relationship, summarize the trending topics at the 2024 Munich Security Conference, assess the situation in the South China Sea as tensions rise between China and the Philippine, and examine the value of people-to-people exchanges following the joint vision of the San Francisco Summit between President Xi Jinping and President Joe Biden. The interview was hosted virtually via Zoom by Research Associate Yilun Zhang.

The interview began with an overview of the current state of the U.S.-China bilateral relationship and how the election result in Taiwan and the upcoming 2024 U.S. elections may impact the bilateral relationship in the near term. Among other topics, Dr. Wu Shicun also provided a comprehensive review of his in-person experience at the 2024 Munich Security Conference (MSC) where Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi delivered a speech outlining China’s vision to the western countries. Following a lengthy discussion on South China Sea perspectives, Dr. Wu Shicun stressed the critical value of people-to-people exchanges, especially Track-II dialogues, during a time when domestic politics is trumping foreign policymaking. The discussion concluded on a positive note that the two countries should correct their misunderstanding about each other and embrace positive views that allow coexistence.

Dr. Wu Shicun serves as Chair of the Advisory Board at the Institute for China-America Studies. He is also founding president, director of academic committee and senior research fellow at China’s National Institute for South China Sea Studies, chairman of the Huayang Institute for Research on Maritime Cooperation and Ocean Governance, chairman of board of directors of the China-Southeast Asia Research Center on the South China Sea, vice president of the China Institute for Free Trade Ports Studies, and adjunct professor of Nanjing University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University.

Dr. Wu has a PhD in history. His research interests cover the history and geography of the South China Sea, maritime delimitation, maritime economy, international relations and regional security strategy. His recent books include: Hainan Free Trade Port: A Global Perspective (Guangdong People’s Publishing House, 2021), The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road: Challenges and Opportunities for Asia and Europe (Routledge, 2019), South China Sea Lawfare: Post-Arbitration Policy Options and Future Prospects (South China Sea Think Tank / Taiwan Center for Security Studies, 2017), Arbitration Concerning the South China Sea: Philippines versus China (Ashgate, 2016), UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and the South China Sea (Ashgate, 2015), Non-Traditional Security Issues and the South China Sea-Shaping a New Framework for Cooperation (Ashgate, 2014), Recent Developments in the South China Sea Dispute: The Prospect of a Joint Development Regime (Routledge, 2014), and Solving Disputes for Regional Cooperation and Development in the South China Sea: A Chinese Perspective (Chandos Publishing, 2013). Dr. Wu has also published widely in academic journals and been the subject of frequent media interviews as a senior commentator on South China Sea, regional security issues, the Belt & Road Initiative and the development of Hainan Free Trade Port.

Gordon Houlden on Canada's Perspective on U.S.-China Relations

November 1, 2023

On November 1, 2023, the Institute for China-America Studies (ICAS) Expert Voices Initiative (EVI) conducted an interview with Prof. Gordon Houlden, Director Emeritus at the China Institute of the University of Alberta, to discuss the China-Canada-U.S. trilateral review the outlook of the China-Canada bilateral relationship, and assess the U.S.-China bilateral relationship from a third country perspective. The interview was hosted in-person at the ICAS office in Washington, D.C. by Research Associate Yilun Zhang.

There was an in-depth discussion on whether China’s relationship with the West, particularly that with Canada and the U.S., has changed over time. The interview discussed the importance of restoring and strengthening people-to-people exchanges between China and the U.S. and Canada during a period of uncertainty and geopolitical tensions among the great powers.

Professor Gordon Houlden is Director Emeritus of the China Institute, Professor of Political Science and Adjunct Professor of the Alberta School of Business at the University of Alberta. Professor Gordon Houlden joined the Canadian Foreign Service in 1976, serving in Ottawa and abroad. Twenty-two of his thirty-two years in the Canadian Foreign Service were spent working on Chinese economic, trade and political affairs for the Government of Canada including five postings in China. He also served at the Canadian Embassy in Havana and Warsaw, and at Canada National Defence College. His last assignment before joining the University of Alberta in 2008 was as Director General of the East Asian Bureau of the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, responsible for Greater China, Japan, the Koreas and Mongolia. Under Professor Houlden’s leadership, the China Institute focused on contemporary China studies, with an emphasis on Canada’s trade, investment and bilateral relations with the PRC, and Asian security issues. His third co-edited book on the South China Sea was published in the summer of 2021 by Bristol University Press.

William Vogt on the Chinese Internet

September 1, 2023

On September 1, 2023, the Institute for China-America Studies (ICAS) Expert Voices Initiative (EVI) conducted an interview with Mr. William Vogt, an author and adjunct lecturer at Georgetown University, to discuss the current state and future potential of the “Chinese Internet.” The interview was hosted in-person at the ICAS office in Washington, D.C. by Yilun Zhang, Trade ‘n Technology (TnT) Program Manager.

To many Western observers, China’s Internet appears to be a mysterious ‘black box’ of unknowns and mixed signals. On one hand, the Internet is becoming a symbol of China’s economic growth and opening up with the country’s rapidly growing community of netizens and e-commerce businesses. Widely-used social media platforms like WeChat and Douyin (TikTok) make China one of the leading countries in this new era of information technology. On the other hand, the Internet remains rather closed off due to the Chinese government’s tightening control and censorship over online content and its recent crackdowns on Internet and technology companies. How should observers properly assess China’s Internet society? Is the Chinese Internet a land of free speech or is it more-so a tool for centralized control? This EVI aims to discuss and assess the current state of China’s Internet and provide another depiction of this often unknown territory. Additionally, this event also seeks to explore the roles of various actors in this complex dynamic environment of the Chinese Internet.

William Vogt is an experienced consultant and social media analyst who has published articles and a full-length book on modern China and the impact of information technology in emerging market countries. He previously taught a survey of the Chinese Internet at the Catholic University of America. He has previous experience in global risk management serving public and private sector clients and was Founder and Managing Principal of Weilian Poder Global Consulting, a firm that facilitated client engagements with senior business leaders in mainland China.

Vogt is a two-time graduate of Georgetown University, with a B.S. from the School of Foreign Service and an M.A. from the Communication, Culture, and Technology program. At Georgetown, he founded and led the university’s New Media in Asia Research Group and won a Hanban (Confucius Institute) scholarship to visit Nanjing University. He also studied at Capital University of Economics and Business in Beijing and Universidad San Francisco de Quito in Ecuador.

Wang Sheng on Blue Carbon Development in China

August 3, 2023

On August 3, 2023, the Institute for China-America Studies (ICAS) Expert Voices Initiative (EVI) conducted an interview with Mr. Wang Sheng, President of the National Institute for South China Sea Studies (NISCS) to discuss “Blue Carbon Development in China.” The interview was recorded in-person at the NISCS Office in Hainan, China, and hosted by Zhangchen Wang, ICAS Blue Carbon and Climate Change (BCCC) Program Research Assistant.

In recent years, there are more and more people recognizing the positive impact of blue carbon ecosystems on protecting coastal ecology and addressing climate change. Countries around the world are also increasing their emphasis on the protection and development of blue carbon ecosystems. However, not all countries have the ability to independently develop blue carbon resources, and the development potential of many countries is constrained by issues such as resource reserves, technology, and funding. Moreover, there is a lack of mutual trust among different countries on this issue, further restricting the potential for development. Thus, this EVI aims to explore the prospect and potential of blue carbon international cooperation. This event will also study whether the establishment of a set of blue carbon international standards by cooperation among countries will become the basis for promoting cooperation among blue carbon countries in the future.

Mr. Wang Sheng graduated from Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, with a Master’s degree in Applied Linguistics in English. For over 20 years, Mr. Wang’s career has been devoted to foreign affairs and South China Sea research. He has immersed himself in a variety of research fields including international relations and regional security strategy, China’s rights and interests in the South China Sea, island development, and the Hainan Free Trade Port. An author of over one hundred academic papers and a dozen volumes, Mr. Wang has worked on the front-line for China’s rights and interests in the South China Sea, and for the stability of that sea, promoting exchange and cooperation with the countries and regions surrounding it. Among other posts, Mr. Wang is a Specially-appointed Professor, and a senior Chinese foreign affairs professional. He is currently President of the National Institute for South China Sea Studies (NISCSS). He has studied at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government and Duke University in the United States, and Oxford University in the United Kingdom.

André Aquino on Cooperation Between Developed and Developing Countries on Blue Carbon Projects

May 25, 2023

On May 25, 2023, the Institute for China-America Studies (ICAS) Expert Voices Initiative (EVI) conducted an interview with Mr. André Rodrigues de Aquino, a Lead Environmental Specialist from the World Bank, on the theme of “Cooperation Between Developed and Developing Countries on Blue Carbon Projects.” The interview was hosted out of Washington, D.C. by Zhangchen Wang, ICAS Blue Carbon and Climate Change (BCCC) Program Research Assistant, while Mr. Aquino spoke remotely from Jakarta, Indonesia.

During the nearly one-hour interview, the host asked Aquino for his views and insights on issues regarding blue carbon damage and degradation in developing countries, challenges facing blue carbon protection, the sustainability of blue carbon development, and the future of blue carbon projects. Aquino responded to all the questions of interest that ICAS and its global audiences submitted while sharing his insightful assessments and valuable experiences. Through this interview, the audience can have a deeper understanding of the current status of blue carbon protection in developing countries, especially in Indonesia, where Aquino resides. Additionally, Aquino talked about the protection and development of blue carbon ecosystems in general, especially mangroves, in developing countries, the problems they are specifically facing, and potential solutions to those problems.

André Aquino is the Lead Environmental Specialist, Sustainable Development (SD) Program Leader for Indonesia and Timor-Leste, based in Jakarta, Indonesia. Previous to this role, André has coordinated the World Bank Environment, Natural Resources and Blue Economy (ENB) program in Indonesia and Timor-Leste since 2019, including the management of the landscapes and oceans programs. André has almost 20 years of experience in natural resources management and environmental issues, including forestry, biodiversity, carbon finance and biodiversity conservation finance, nature-based tourism, oceans, and coastal management, and rural development. He has managed several large-scale investment operations, led technical assistance support to Governments at national and sub-national levels, and conducted analytical work and policy dialogue. His work has mostly focused on the interaction between rural communities and renewable natural resources (forests, wildlife, fisheries), seeking mechanisms to ensure benefits flow to local communities and national economies to incentivize conservation and restoration of natural resources. Originally from Brazil, André worked in LAC (based in Brasilia and DC), Africa (based in DR Congo to cover forestry issues for the Congo Basin, and in Mozambique to cover ENB issues for southern Africa), in addition to HQ. André holds a Master’s of Science Degree in Environmental Economics from the University of Maryland (USA), an Executive Program Diploma in Forestry from the University of Yale (USA), an Environmental Law post-graduate degree from the University of Pará (Brazil) and a bachelor’s degree in International Relations from the Catholic University of Minas Gerais (Brazil).

James Borton on Science Diplomacy as a Solution to South China Sea Maritime Disputes

July 1, 2022

James Borton joins ICAS in this installment of Expert Voices Initiative to discuss how multilateral science diplomacy can help resolve disputes and improve regional security in the South China Sea. On the agenda for discussion are:

Outcomes of the June 2022 IISS Shangri-La Security Dialogue
Impact of the Philippine Presidential Election Results on Southeast Asia
Comparison of Vietnam’s Maritime Policies with that of China’s and SE Asia’s
The History of Vietnam as a ‘Traditional’ Custodian of the South China Sea
The Role of China’s ‘Maritime Militia’ -‘Science Diplomacy’ as a Solution to South China Sea Disputes
The Clash Between Geopolitics and Scientific Cooperation
How to Incentivize Policymakers to Act on Marine Conservation -Lessons for Policymakers on Promoting Successful Scientific Cooperation

James Borton is a Senior Fellow at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies Foreign Policy Institute. He is also an independent environmental policy writer and former (Hong Kong-based) foreign correspondent for The Washington Times. He regularly contributes to Asia Sentinel, Asia Times, East Asia Forum, Geopolitical Monitor, Nikkei Asian Review, The South China Morning Post, Project Syndicate, and World Politics Review. He most recently published a new book, titled, “Dispatches from the South China Sea: Navigating to Common Ground.”

Denis Simon on the State of U.S.-China S&T Educational Exchange

August 26, 2021

Denis Simon joins ICAS in this installment of the Expert Voices Initiative to discuss the past, present, and future of U.S.-China S&T educational exchange. On the agenda for discussion are:

the history of educational exchange between China and the U.S.,
pushback against the spread of Confucius Institutes,
the ongoing Department of Justice’s China Initiative,
China’s growing desire to set international norms in science and technology fields,
new reforms from the Chinese government aimed at driving technological self-sufficiency,
the impact of COVID-19 on international educational exchange, and more.

Dr. Denis Simon is Senior Advisor to the President for China Affairs at Duke and Professor of China Business and Technology at Duke’s Fuqua School of Business. He is also a Senior Advisor to the Institute for China-America Studies Trade ‘n Technology Program. From 2015 to 2020, he was Executive Vice Chancellor of Duke Kunshan University. Fluent in Mandarin Chinese and holding an MA in Asian Studies and a PhD in Political Science from UC Berkeley, Simon has more than four decades of experience studying business, competition, innovation and technology strategy in China.

David Sandalow on the U.S.-China Relationship Regarding Climate Change

May 28, 2021

In this installment of The American Voices Initiative, we sit down virtually with Mr. David Sandalow of the School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) at Columbia University. On the agenda is that critical climate change issue, and the state of U.S.-China cooperation as well as domestic national and sub-national developments within the U.S. and China on this issue. Since the Biden administration took office, climate change is widely considered to be one of the few areas that could allow for meaningful engagement and cooperation within a broken U.S.-China relationship. But what could this engagement actually look like? To discuss these pressing questions and more, we are joined by Mr. Sandalow.

David Sandalow is the Inaugural Fellow at the Center on Global Energy Policy and co-Director of the Energy and Environment Concentration at the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University. He founded and directs the Center’s U.S.-China Program and is author of the Guide to Chinese Climate Policy. Mr. Sandalow has served in senior positions at the White House, State Department and U.S. Department of Energy. He writes and speaks widely on climate change and energy policy

Craig Allen on the U.S.-China Business and Trade Relationship

October 26, 2020

In this installment of the American Voices Initiative, we sit down virtually with Ambassador Craig Allen, President of the US-China Business Council. On the agenda is the current state and trajectory of the business and trade relationship between the United States and China in the wake of the Phase One Trade Deal, evolving domestic politics in both the U.S. and China, and the global COVID-19 pandemic.

Ambassador Craig Allen has had a long and distinguished career in U.S. public service, beginning his engagements with China in 1986 when he served as an International economist in the International Trade Administration’s China Office. He would later be assigned to different US Embassies, including the US Embassy in Beijing and the U.S. Embassy in Tokyo where he served as a Commercial Attaché.

His public service experience culminated in being sworn in as ambassador to Brunei Darussalam from December 2014 – 2018. Following his return in 2018, he has since transitioned to President of the US-China Business Council, a private, nonpartisan, nonprofit organization representing over 200 American companies doing business with China.

Robert Sutter on Taiwan Strait Relations

October 23, 2018

In this installment of the American Voices Initiative, we sit down with Dr. Robert Sutter of George Washington University. On the agenda is the United States’ stances on Taiwan and cross-strait relations as it relates to the One China Policy.

A prolific author, Dr. Robert Sutter is currently Professor of Practice of International Affairs at the Elliott School of George Washington University (2011-Present) and previously held a full-time position as a professor of Asian Studies at Georgetown University (2001-2011) in Washington, D.C.

Sutter’s government career (1968-2001) saw service as senior specialist and director of the Foreign Affairs and National Defense Division of the Congressional Research Service. Among other positions, he was also the National Intelligence Officer for East Asia and the Pacific at the U.S. Government’s National Intelligence Council and the China division director at the Department of State’s Bureau of Intelligence and Research.

Ted Moran on the U.S.-China Trade War and CFIUS Reform

May 2, 2018

In this installment of the American Voices Initiative, we sit down with Professor Ted Moran of Georgetown University. On the agenda is the ongoing trade war between the United States and China, bilateral investment ties, and the potential impact of CFIUS reform on the economic relationship.

Ted Moran is the Marcus Wallenberg Chair in International Business and Finance in the School of Foreign Service and is the founder of the Landegger Program in International Business Diplomacy at Georgetown University. He is also a professor in the Center for Latin American Studies in the School of Foreign Service.

Moran’s research and extensive authorship focus on international economics, business, foreign affairs, and public policy. As an expert in international business and foreign affairs, Moran has served in a number of governmental and non-governmental advisory roles, including on the U.S. National Intelligence Council on international business issues (2007 to 2013).

Matthew Goodman on U.S.-China Economic Relations

October 19, 2016

In this installment of the American Voices Initiative, we sit down with Matthew Goodman of CSIS. On the agenda is the evolving U.S.-China economic relationship and its long-term implications for the global economy.

Matthew P. Goodman is senior vice president for economics and holds the Simon Chair in Political Economy at CSIS. The CSIS Economics Program, which he directs, focuses on international economic policy and global economic governance. He is also a life member of the Council on Foreign Relations and chairman emeritus of the board of trustees of the Japan-America Society of Washington, D.C.

Before joining CSIS in 2012, Goodman served as director for international economics on the National Security Council staff, helping the president prepare for global and regional summits, including the G20, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), and East Asia Summit. Prior to the White House, Goodman held senior advisor positions at the U.S. Department of State, the Albright Stonebridge Group, the National Security Council, and Goldman, Sachs & Co.

Michael Swaine on Stability in the Western Pacific

June 30, 2016

In this installment of the American Voices Initiative, we sit down with Michael Swaine of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. On the agenda is the stability in the Western Pacific and perception issues in the U.S.-China relationship.

Dr. Michael Swaine is a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and one of the most prominent American analysts in Chinese security studies. Formerly a senior policy analyst at the RAND Corporation, Swaine is a specialist in Chinese defense and foreign policy, U.S.-China relations, and East Asian international relations.

He has authored and edited more than a dozen books and monographs and many journal articles and book chapters in these areas, directs several security-related projects with Chinese partners, and advises the U.S. government on Asian security issues. He received his doctorate in government from Harvard University.

Explore extra content from the July 30, 2016 AVI interview with Michael Swaine, where he discusses U.S. allies and global governance issues.

Joseph Nye on U.S. engagement with China

May 5, 2016

In the first installment of the American Voices Initiative, we sit down with Joseph Nye of Harvard University. On the agenda is the U.S. engagement policy towards China, questions of U.S. containment of China in the Western Pacific, China’s growing involvement in global development, and the role of the military in diplomatic relationships.

Dr. Joseph S. Nye Jr. is university distinguished service professor and former dean of Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government. He is also fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the British Academy, and the American Academy of Diplomacy.

Notably, in November 2014, Emperor Akihito of Japan conferred the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star, on Dr. Nye in recognition of his contribution to the development of studies on Japan-U.S. security and to the promotion of mutual understanding between Japan and the United States. Additionally, he was rated the fifth most influential international relations scholar over the past 20 years, ranked as the most influential scholar on American foreign policy, and in 2011, Foreign Policy named him one of the top 100 Global Thinkers.

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